Medium is the message, say Bank of Spain researchers

Coverage of policy decisions has greater impact than central banks’ own comms, study finds

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Central banks’ words matter for climate

Line between EMEs speaking about greening finance and AEs being wary of climate risks are blurring, argues Emanuele Campiglio

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ECB presidents’ displays of emotion affect markets – study

Research says leaders’ facial expressions and tones of voice amplify effects of their policy statements

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